Bait Application Methods

There are three bait application methods that can be employed during a ground squirrel management program: broadcast baiting, spot-baiting, and bait stations.

  1. Broadcast baiting
    Broadcast baiting is an efficient method for distributing toxic bait because it uses the least amount of bait/application area of all the distribution methods but still achieves effective control. Broadcasting bait takes advantage of the natural foraging habits of ground squirrels. When bait is spread out evenly over a larger distance (compared to a spot-baiting program), more squirrels are able to consume a lethal dose. Ground squirrels are unlikely to over-consume bait and ingest super-lethal doses, thereby reducing secondary toxicity concerns. Scattered bait also makes lethal doses less available to nontarget species.

  2. Spot baiting
    Spot baiting also takes advantage of ground squirrels’ natural foraging behaviors. It is generally used when only a few burrow systems need to be treated. If larger areas require treatment, broadcast application may be more appropriate.
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  3. Bait stations
    Applying bait in bait stations reduces the risk of direct consumption of toxic baits by nontarget species. Baits are secured in tamper-resistant bait stations, out of reach of children, domestic animals, and nontarget wildlife. Special modifications can be made to bait stations to further ensure limited exposure to nontarget wildlife. Because large amounts of bait are available to ground squirrels, the concentration of active ingredient in the bait is lower than that typically used for broadcast applications.